Superposition is a key concept in quantum physics that refers to the ability of a quantum system to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This is in contrast to classical physics, where objects have definite, well-defined properties.
In quantum mechanics, particles like electrons and photons can be in a state of superposition, meaning they can occupy multiple positions or have multiple properties at the same time. For example, an electron can be both spinning clockwise and counterclockwise simultaneously, or exist in two different positions at once.
The concept of superposition becomes more pronounced when large numbers of particles are involved, such as in the case of quantum computers. It is these properties of superposition and interference that allow quantum computers to perform certain tasks, such as code-breaking, much faster than classical computers.
However, superposition is a probabilistic concept, meaning that the state of a quantum system can only be described in terms of probabilities, and not definite values, until it is observed or measured. The act of measurement collapses the superposition into a definite state, and this is known as the "measurement problem" in quantum physics.
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